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Studying sustainability

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By Tim MitchellFeatures Editor

As you walk into Dalhousie’s new College of Sustainability office on the fourth floor of the Goldberg Computer Science building, you will notice it’s being renovated. This is true of the program itself. It’s a work in progress.
“I think that (students) are finding it challenging, and I think we’re finding it challenging to teach,” says Steven Mannell, director of the college.
The college – which offers students a chance to graduate with a degree in Environment, Sustainability and Society (ESS) combined with another degree – is the first of its kind in Canada.
The first classes for the program began in September – the result of 18 months of planning. The college was expecting 150 students to enrol, but instead ended with 300.
The program is now two-thirds into the term and classes are packed. Some students have to sit on the floor to fit into the Potter Auditorium where the bi-weekly lectures are held.
“The first challenge that really hit hard in September was having twice as many students as we were expecting, and just dealing with the numbers and logistics,” says Mannell. “The intent of the college is to provide an interdisciplinary forum in Dalhousie that gives a place for people to work on issues of environment and sustainability and to do that from as broad a range of disciplinary perspectives as possible.”
The disciplines encompassed by the program range anywhere from political science to microbiology.
“I like the interdisciplinary approach,” says Timothy Rock, a first-year sustainability and planning student. “I think it’s good how they’re pulling different concepts. They’re doing a case study of many different topics and trying to prove a broad range of concepts through that. I think they could improve the length at which they’re staying on each topic. I’d like to see more brevity, but I like the case study approach, I like the lab approach.”
Mannell says the interdisciplinary nature of the class is necessary for understanding sustainability issues.
“You need to have enough of a sense of different disciplines we’re talking about to know that there’s some real substance there, and that substance is meaningful, but it’s also then to quickly drawback and say ‘OK, here’s how we can relate this to this,’” says Mannell. “This is how thinking about how the biology of a cow’s stomach might relate to a question of organic milk, which might relate to a question of policy around milk distribution in Nova Scotia, and that’s one example of things we’ve talked about – linking the very specific issues on the ground to more general issues about people’s perception and how they make choices.”
With no model to base the new program on, creating the sustainability college from scratch was not an easy thing to do.
“The second challenge was really trying to implement a very different model of teaching from what’s familiar,” says Mannell. “So the amount of time that goes into that, the amount of discussion amongst faculty and between faculty members and TAs to get the right quality of experience, and also to get the right level of trust, because what we’re doing is not fundamentally about content, it’s about method and pedagogical idea and delivery.”
There may not be many job opportunities for students graduating from the program specifically related to environment and sustainability, but Deborah Buszard, associate director of the college says there are advantages to graduating with a degree in ESS.
“They’ll be graduating with their double majors. What’s the advantage to someone graduating with this program? Whatever sort of career direction you may be thinking of going into, you will have the benefit of understanding environmental and sustainability issues, but that’s on the disciplinary side. On the other side, many, many organizations from the federal government on down through major corporations, provincial government, institutions (such as) schools, school boards, universities, hospitals are having sustainability offices, sustainability co-ordinators. Dalhousie has an office of sustainability and a director and several employees working on sustainability, and these jobs are the new kind of jobs opening up, and graduates from the program will be highly qualified to go off to those kinds of things.”
“I would like students who graduate from our program to believe that they’re agents of change,” says Mannell. “The amount of energy that students have brought to the course is really fantastic. It’s a really energetic place to go.”

Photos can be faked

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Two children play soccer on a field in Africa. But this is no regular game of soccer. Instead of a ball, they play with a skull. Instead of tattered clothes, they wear uniforms and machine gun belts. The game is played on a preverbal field of death. Does this picture truly show the horrors of war or does the image deceive us?

Since the advent of the fist cameras in the 19th century, photography has shaped the world around us. This is particularly true for Africa. Ever since early explorers entered in the continent to fight for colonial domination, pictures helped categorize Africa. Although colonialism in a traditional sense is over photographs have not lost their usefulness and power when defining Africa.

With the creation and proliferation of digital photography, how we photograph the world has forever changed. But the techniques employed to capture the perfect image have not. ISO, lighting and subject matter have huge effects on how the end product develops. Light is an especially power tool.

Photographers paint with it. It allows endless possibilities in manipulating how we see and perceive a photograph. It can add or subtract emphasis. You can strip away sadness from a mournful scene, or dampen a scene of celebration with the right use of light. With increased wireless technology and smaller more powerful speed light flashes, it is ever easier to do this. It is important that we are aware of this when looking at photographs of the developing world. While it may not be entirely obvious at first, if we continue to be ignorant of these techniques and fail to be critical, we may not be seeing the truth.
How we use our photo editing software has allowed us to develop images of the third world that perpetuate and solidify our conceptions. We can burn and dodge, add filters and airbrush subjects out of existence all at the flick of the wrist. This has complicated our relationship with the images that we encounter everyday. While these editing programs were new, many people were fearful and wary of the images that were produced from such software. As this software has become more mainstream and user-friendly we have loss that apprehension about the images that we create. We edit the photos to make them look “better” and to truly “represent” what we were seeing at that time. We boost colours or grayscale, making an image for others’ consumption. We often fail to think what are actions will have on how the outcome of the photograph and how others will perceive it.

Unlike other disciplines, photography does not have any hard ethical rules. While guidelines have been developed for various agencies and organization around the world, what is ethical and unethical in the world of photography is often filled with gray area. We can often fall into the trap of creating unethical images especially while shooting in the developing world. We often do not get consent – paying large sums of money into micro-local economies to get an image, and often never telling the subject of the photo how the image will be used.

Photographers have to become more conscious of how we take photographs and the effects they can have. We take for granted the power that such images have over our perception and how we interact with “developing” countries of the world. Images define the world, but we have the power to define the images that we use and shoot. Next time you see an image of the developing world, view it with a critical eye.

Dalhousie’s rugby dynasty continues

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Yukon native Ewan Wilson capped off the season with a three-try performance in Dalhousie’s 40-12 championship win over the UPEI Panthers on Oct. 31. It was the second hat-trick of the year for the big hooker in a season that has seen the Tigers outscore their Atlantic League opponents by 244 to 52.

Wilson led the team in scoring with nine trys and 45 points. The victory marked Dalhousie’s second consecutive Maritime championship and third-straight undefeated season. Dal Men’s Rugby has not lost a game since 2006. The Dal Division II also won its league championship, beating St. Francis Xavier 27-18. It is the first time in Dal Rugby’s 128-year history that both teams have won their respective championships.

Fullback Teddy Moore opened scoring early in the game, beating UPEI defence off a cross kick from fly-half Kyle Langille. Team captain Paul Forrest and Ewan Wilson also scored in the first half with Ellis Gray, converting twice to make the score 19-0 at half time.

UPEI made a comeback in the second frame, scoring two tries and converting one, however the Panthers could not keep Wilson out of the n-zone. Eight-man Sam Silbergeld set Wilson up for the hooker’s second try. Shortly afterward, outside centre Ryan Vandervliet scored as well, scooping up the ball on another cross kick from Langille. Wilson’s third marker was the nail in the coffin of a game in which most of the action took place in the Panthers’ zone. Dal defeated UPEI 32-15 in the regular season – one of the team’s less lopsided victories.

Three undefeated seasons, two Maritime championships and the 2008 Eastern Canada championship has players and fans alike hungry for more competition.

“The biggest thing this year was UNB coming into our conference and raising the level of play” said captain Paul Forrest.

UNB and Dal have both fielded strong teams in recent years, leading to a heated rugby rivalry between the two schools. UNB formerly played in the New Brunswick conference before joining the amalgamated Atlantic league this year.

“By all means this was a satisfying win,” Forrest added. “I just wish we had a chance to improve our skill level against new teams. We’re better than we’ve played this season. We still haven’t played our best game.”

The Tigers will get their chance on Nov. 14 when archrivals the McGill Redmen come to Halifax for the Eastern Canada Championship. The Redmen have won eight consecutive Quebec League championships and are also undefeated this season. They have outscored opponents 223-28 thus far.

Dal and McGill battled for the Eastern Canadian title last year at Molson Stadium resulting in a hard fought 14-13 victory for Dal. This year’s Dal versus McGill match-up will pit Dal’s gritty forwards against the Redmen’s talented backs. The McGill trio of Kyle Buckley, Alastair Crow and Sam Skulsky, all three drawn from the U-20 national team, lead a Redmen system that relies speed and passing among the backs to generate most of the team’s scoring. Dal employs a more balanced system that uses heavy forwards to smash up the field as well as getting the ball out to speedy backs.

“We’ve been looking forward to McGill since day one,” said Forrest.

Joel Tichinoff was a member of Dal’s rugby club last year.

Men’s hockey nets first win

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The Dalhousie men’s hockey team got their first win of the season this last Friday by edging the Universite de Moncton Aigles-Bleus 6-4 in front of a home crowd of 550 fans. Tigers forward Jeff Larsh scored a hat trick and was named the first star of the game. He scored his first goal 39 seconds into the match and Tigers forward Kenzie Sheppard added another a minute later. This offensive outburst chased Moncton’s starting goalie Pierre-Alexandre Marion out of the net in less than two minutes.

Moncton’s backup goalie Kevin Lachance gave the Aigles-Bleus the opportunity to make a comeback making 32 saves on 35 shots. On the other end, Tigers goalie Bobby Nadeau stepped up his game and only allowed four goals on 40 shots. This was not an easy process for Nadeau since the Tigers struggled in their own end for most of the game.

The Tigers had the momentum coming into the second period with a 3-1 lead. The second period momentum swung into the sticks of the Aigles-Bleus with a U de M goal coming 35 seconds into the period. Larsh made it 4-2, completing his hat trick after jamming in a rebound during an early second period Tigers power play. Moments later, during a Blue Eagles power play, Tigers forward Trevor MacKenzie forced a turnover in his own defensive zone, leading to a 2-1 rush.  MacKenzie kept the puck and put a backhand in the top corner, increasing the lead to a commanding 5-2 for the Tigers.

Heading into the third, the victory looked to be secure, but some sloppy play and a lack of discipline led to a number of turnovers in the third. If not for the stellar play of Nadeau, the game could have easily slipped away. Universite de Moncton added one goal early in the period, but Nadeau shut the door, keeping it to a one-goal game. The Tigers put in a late empty net goal to kill the comeback.
With the win, Dal looks to climb out of the basement of the AUS (Atlantic University Sport). It is a tough feat staring them in the face, but it’s not impossible. If the Tigers are able to string together a few more gutsy performances, the playoffs will be in reach.

Dinosaur-slaying metal shredders decimate Halifax crowd

Grade: B+

Metal gods Gwar brought their brand of extra-terrestrial rock to Halifax’s Cunard Centre Thursday night.

Loyal Fans clawed their way through a heaving mass of sweaty bodies to bathe in the showers of fake blood sprayed by their cosmic masters.

Claiming to have created the human race out of sheer boredom and interbreeding with animal populations, Gwar roam the Earth with the expressed goals of destroying humankind and existence itself. Serving this purpose for 25 years now, they hit the road in mid September to celebrate the release of their latest audio juggernaut Lust in Space. Since then, they’ve been alternating live shows with Red Chord, Job for a Cowboy and Lamb of God.

The release of this latest set of cuts adds to their library of 12 studio albums released since 1988. Fan favorite Scumdogs of the Universe came two years later in 1990 and gave listeners some of their most memorable Gwar lyrics fit for group bellowing. Lust in Space debuted at number 96 on the Billboard Top 200, making it the bands highest chart position in their career.

With classic tracks interspersed amongst the new, Thursday night’s audio onslaught was matched only by their visuals. Just seeing these guys live is well worth the $45 price of admission and won’t soon be forgotten. The evolution of those visuals has been ongoing with front man Oderus Urungus (David Brockie) as the only character to have existed in every incarnation. At 43 billion years old, Oderus has been around long enough to perfect his look. Starting off in the mid 1980s as a papier-mâché helmet sprouting aluminum foil spikes, the image has evolved into nothing short of a full on live cosmic, comic book gore fest. What else can you expect when you’ve got a supercomputer for a father and a petri dish for a mother?

Obviously absent from Thursday’s 12-song set was the anthem from Scumdogs of the Universe.

Research reveals that the track was reserved for encore performance only in live Gwar sets. However, that performance never came on Thursday night, which raises the question: did we just not want it bad enough? Although it was a bit of a disappointment for die-hard fans, Gwar can rest assured that Halifax is by no means “Sick of You”.

TV Carnage

Grade: A

Remember when video mix-tapes were popular? Me neither, but they are exactly what they sound like – a mix of video clips instead of songs. TV Carnage is essentially a video mix-tape of the worst that TV has to offer. It takes clips from movies, TV shows, commercials, public service announcements and talent show footage and strings it all together. The result is terrible, terrible solid gold.

TV Carnage is the brainchild of Torontonian Derrick Beckles. You might remember him as the guy from the Truth Campaign messages about big tobacco on TV. He released the first in the TV Carnage series, Ouch Television My Brain Hurts, in 1996 and it was a huge hit. Since then, he’s put out four more volumes: A Rich Tradition of Magic, When Television Attacks, Casual Fridays, and A Sore for Sighted Eyes. Currently, Beckles is working on another instalment of TV Carnage called Cop Movie. If you guessed that it is going to involve a lot of clips from Cop Movies – you’re right.

Things have changed in the last 13 years, so the format of Cop Movie is going to be considerably less random than the rest of TV Carnage. Early on, the project was obscure enough to fly under the radar while using footage from feature films and commercials for major companies, but as the franchise built a bigger profile, the involvement of lawyers has increased. Regardless, copyright isn’t much of an issue to Beckles. While he is aware that a lot of what he does is technically illegal, he said in an interview with The Apiary News that he views television as “non-intellectual property.”

A major part of the appeal of TV Carnage is that it highlights how utterly bizarre television is. Beckles takes clips from things like Entertainment Tonight, Pizza Pizza commercials, and the Young and the Restless – regular old television that we’ve all seen a million times – and makes us realize how hilarious and messed up it really is. On the other hand, some of this stuff is so weird that it’s hard to believe someone actually directed this, watched the playback afterward and gave it the green light. I can only assume the guy dancing in slow motion to country music in spandex leggings with tassels has changed his name and his face or is hiding out in a remote cabin somewhere.

When you watch a TV Carnage DVD, I recommend watching it with commentary. Beckles talks about where the clip came from or just makes general comments as he gets progressively drunker throughout the video. It is pretty much the equivalent of watching a movie with a friend who talks the whole time, but it’s okay because everything they say is funny.

Never seen a “say no to drugs” message in the form of interpretative dance? Don’t know what a squirrel melt is? Rent TV Carnage. Now is your chance.

RIP: a remix manifesto

Grade: B

Regardless of how you feel about it, copyright infringement is a huge issue for you and everyone you know. Every time you hoist sail on your laptop ship and head out to the sea of digital media, you risk a fine worth more than your first year’s tuition at Dalhousie.

Piracy (see previous nautical metaphor), is our generation’s biggest crime – unless you count “making Fergie famous” as a crime – which I do.

Piracy is something we all do. Every time you download the fourth season of Friends or a porn flick you were too embarrassed to go out and rent, you’re stealing someone else’s intellectual property. Someone owns the idea that Monica used to be fat and hasn’t learned to cope with it. Someone owns the idea that three chicks plus one dude with a ponytail equals your jean-cream fantasy. These things belong to someone else’s mind. If you don’t pay for them, you’re a criminal.

So, who really owns ideas? Why don’t they want to share them? How did Girl Talk get to be so awesome?

Brett Gaylor’s documentary, RIP: A Remix Manifesto, tries to answer all these questions. Subscribing to his own philosophy, some parts of Gaylor’s film are actually remixed by fans. Included is a chunk of rotoscoped Girl Talk footage and a sweet remix of Stephen Colbert telling you not to remix him. The result is a film that not only tackles the tough issues of copyright law on behalf of the little guy, but also is well crafted and visually stimulating.

The main focus of Gaylor’s battle with copyright law is remixing. Is sampling a crime? Is Girl Talk a low down, dirty delinquent or an innocent, innovative visionary? Ultimately, that’s up to you – and the courts – to decide. Gaylor paints a seriously leftist picture and you can’t help but fall in line with his views. Why should a single mother in Arizona be fined $235,000 for downloading a few songs by Gloria Estefan? So watch this movie if you want some cold hard facts about how the man is keeping you down and some cold hard facts about Walt Disney.

Top five remixes of the past five years

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Remixes are not a new creative medium. Ever since the advent of hip-hop and sampling in the 1980s, a culture has emerged around deconstructing popular songs and tweaking them to suit the dance floor. Girl Talk certainly brought notoriety to the mash-up genre at the end of this decade, but the new millennium has seen its fair share of remix innovations. With cheaper portable computers and access to any song through downloading, it’s possible we are stepping into a new era of remixes – one in which even the 14-year-old down the street could be making tracks that are more danceable than Tiesto. Here’s a look at some of the noteworthy singles of the past five years.

1. MGMT – “Kids” (Soulwax Remix)

MGMT may end up being the most heavily sampled band this decade. With thousands of “Time to Pretend” and “Electric Feel” remixes, this version of “Kids” by Belgium’s Soulwax is a shining light in the sea of sewage that is MGMT remixes. With a screeching synthesizer, spacey atmospherics, and off-kilter metallic beats, this song shines above the rest. The highlight comes at the end when the pitch shifted vocals make up a propulsive harmony against the raging synths.

2. Vampire Weekend – “Cape Cod Kawassa Kawassa” (Teenagers Remix)

The 90210-adoring French men of Teenagers make irresistible techno-pop songs during the day and some of the catchiest remixes by night. With the voice of Ezra Koening sliding in and out harmonizing over top of himself accompanied by a straightforward bass line guiding you forward, its hard not to fall in love with Vampire Weekend all over again.

3. Air – “Mer Du Japon” (Teenagers Remix)

Yes, Teenagers show up twice on this list – but with good reason. After releasing a lackluster studio release with Pocket Symphony, Teenagers take one of the few highlights from one of Air’s worst albums and transform it into the club hit of underground France. Try to listen to this song and not picture yourself drunk in Paris at 4 a.m., loving every minute of it.

4. Daft Punk – “Television Rules the Nation/Crescendolls” (Daft Punk Remix)

Daft Punk has the best remixes when they remix their own tracks. Made famous by their Alive 2007 disc and subsequent live concerts, this track may be the highlight of that year’s sets. Mixing the melody from “Television Rules the Nation” with “Around the World”, the whole track culminates with the perfect layering of “Crescendolls” over top it all. It’s hard to believe they weren’t planning this track all along with the release of Discovery in the early millennium.

5. Wolfmother – “Woman” (MSTRKRFT Remix)

Jesse Keeler of MSTRKRFT has mentioned in interviews before that the best remixes only use small samples from the original songs. Stealing the vocal line from Wolfmother’s “Woman”, MSTRKRFT creates a club hit that sounds equal parts Ghostbusters theme and L.A. gutter rock.

Waxing theoretical

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What does it mean to make something new? When do actions become original? In some ways, isn’t creating just another act of learning by enacting processes that have already been done?

DJs and producers take music other people have made and then rearrange, splice, change its tone, add drums or break-beats to create a different song. Puff Daddy samples David Bowie’s “Let’s Dance” and gains worldwide fame. Kanye West slows down Curtis Mayfield’s “Move On Up” and not much attention is drawn to the process.

Does sampling constitute less creativity than writing original music? It certainly employs different skills, but any traditional musician will tell you how important arrangement is to a song. Furthermore, producers often play many of the instruments on their tracks themselves, using samples sparsely in new and creative ways.

DJs are the quintessential postmodern artist. Modernism’s evolution into postmodernism is defined by a self-proclaimed inability to create new narratives. Claude Levi-Strauss contends that there are a limited number of archetypal narrative structures that repeat throughout all cultures, just in different contexts. In this capacity, does sampling other people’s music reflect an inability to create, or is it a retrospective tribute to a larger tradition of musicianship?

Through intertextuality, DJs pay tribute to the past while giving credit to their role as creative artists. By putting original samples into foreign contexts, producers make self-referential art that uses its disparate constituents to create cohesive wholes. Songs are built around hooks and samples that actively refer to their own displacement. In this way, DJs constantly draw attention to the creation of their art by taking scattered fragments of other people’s music in order to make it their own in an entirely postmodern process.

Interest in mash-up style production is high. Girl Talk and MSTRKRFT provided the highlight of many music fans’ Halifax Pop Explosion this year. One of the reasons this culture has become more prominent is easy access to sequencing and sampling programs such as Cool Edit and Fruity Loops. This software makes production accessible and cheap for the average artist. The programs are basic, but still provide the technology needed to make a track. More expensive programs such as Logic and Pro Tools are capable of producing quality sounds in your basement, but cost considerably more. However, if you are willing to invest you can obtain industry standard production in the comfort of your own living room.

Part of the allure of sampling is the endless possibilities. Cut-up samples from the Last of Mohicans soundtrack and splice them with Winston Churchill’s “Battle of Britain” speech. Use The Beatles’ White Album to underscore lyrics from Jay Z’s Black Album like DJ Danger Mouse did with his controversial Grey Album in 2004.

The important thing to remember as a budding DJ is you should try to make something that is original.

Production may seem easy if you find the right sample, but the best producers mix and match elements from various records when not providing instrumentals on their own tracks. Mixing is about showing your connection to a larger musical tradition.

With that in mind, the only way to find that perfect sample is to invest the time listening to records.

Conversely, a good producer can make an exciting track from sounds they took from a video game.

At the end of the day, it is the producer and not their samples that will determine the quality of a given track. With this in mind, go forth and create.

Night Ripper

When Girl Talk began in the early part of the decade, Greg Gillis didn’t plan on his musical project having the impact it has had nearly 10 years later. With the release of 2006’s seminal Night Ripper, he was cast as the next big thing in electronic music. Now, three years later, the touring hasn’t stopped and the coverage only seems to increase with every new town he plays. A week before his sold out show in Halifax, Gillis – from his home in Pittsburgh – chatted about copyright laws, the future of sample-based music and “H to the Izzo”.

Matthew Ritchie: In a 2006 article on Pitchfork’s website, you discussed being the recent “buzz band” and being excited for a backlash from fans and critics about your music. Three years on, do you feel you’ve experienced any of the backlashes yet?

Greg Gillis: To a small degree I think so. 2006 was right when national media started to pick up on what I was doing, and at that point I started to pay attention to things a lot more as far as what people were writing. I mean, three years on the constant exposure and touring and being out there, I’ve kind of been able to ignore that kind of stuff. I feel like when Night Ripper came out, at that point I had been touring for six years and it had been my third album. I think for a lot of people, they assumed that Night Ripper was my first album and that it was some sort of novelty project or whatever. I felt a bit of a backlash right there at that time.

I’d sort of read some of the stuff people were saying on the Internet, or whatever, and people would question even me performing live. It was ridiculous. You know, I had based the records on performing live and I had been performing for such a long time at that point that it was just weird. But I think when I went into my last album, which came out about a year ago now (2008’s Feed the Animals), doing that album I really wanted to prove to a lot of people out there are legs beyond Night Ripper and that I could take it somewhere new.

I feel like the backlash and some of the haters have kind of filtered out, so to speak, because they’ve kind of realized this music exists and it isn’t just some novelty effect that they thought about the album (Night Ripper) before. So yeah, I don’t feel as much of a backlash now. I think people have their opinion about what I do and I feel they don’t need to be as vocal about it as they were when I first came out nationally.

MR: With the idea of mash-ups and you being used strongly in the film RIP, what do you think of people casting you as a figurehead in a movement around breaking copyright laws and seeing you as the focal point in this new form of music?

GG: It’s a little bit bizarre. I’m not sure if you’ve seen the movie or not but when I was interacting with the filmmakers and they were following me around for a couple years – they even interview my parents and went out to the Coachella festival with me – I wasn’t sure of how large my part would be in the film. So when I saw it and I did have a central role in the film it was a little bit of a surprise. (Laughs) They never really highlighted that for me, like, “You know, by the way.” (Laughs) I guess I could have assumed that based on how much time we spent together, but I guess I didn’t really know. I was kind of thinking, “Maybe they’re spending all this time with a whole bunch of people and I’m one of many in the movie.” So I feel like in that particular film they represented me well. I mean, I said what I said and I don’t really have any regrets about that.

But one thing they kind of highlighted at a couple points in the movie is that it is not my goal to be a figurehead for that movement. It’s something where for the beliefs of that movie I support it and the movement I support. I’m a part of it and it is implied by what I do. Everything in the movie I said I believe in, but simultaneously, I didn’t get involved with this style of music to fight this fight. I got involved with this style of music because that’s the kind of music I like. I grew up listening to a lot of hip-hop and electronic music and things like that. I liked a lot of sample based music. When I was getting going back in the day I always assumed this would be an underground project. I never thought it would have the success it has now. I always just made this music to make this music. It is something where in an ideal world we won’t even have to talk about these sampling issues and there would just be a focus on this music. Maybe that’s the way it will be in 10 or 20 years for sample based music. Unfortunately it is an issue right now and I am a part of it.

I’m happy to be a part of that film and I’m happy to talk about it when I can but it is not my goal to be a figurehead. If people push me in that direction, that’s fine. I’ll say what I have to say, but it is not my goal. It is some other people’s goal to be figureheads or poster boys in that arena.

MR: Do you wish that interviewers would stop asking questions about the whole copyright issue surrounding your music?

GG: I mean, I don’t really mind it. In an ideal world we wouldn’t have to talk about it, but we do. It would be naïve of me to say, “I wish people wouldn’t ask me about it.” I make this style of music. With the last album I put out I knew it was going to be in the public spotlight and a lot of mainstream media would cover it and they would talk about the sampling. I think it would be ignorant of me to say that I wish people didn’t ask about it. There are some benefits and set backs to it. There is the part where it becomes kind of a sub-plot or sub-story to the things I’ve been doing and I know that it has generated a lot of press for me. A lot of the press I have gotten is because of the copyright issue. So because of that it has pushed my music to a wider audience, which is great. I’ve always pushed it to as far as it could go. So it is hard to be hurt or upset about it because it has benefitted me in a lot of ways.

MR: Hopefully in five to 10 years this won’t be the kind of question people ask you anymore.

GG: Yeah, I’m curious and interested to see where that goes. I think that naturally for the amount of press and hype that has been generated about my involvement in copyright, it means that the next person who comes along who does something related or takes it to the next level, it won’t be as exciting to talk about this issue. Hopefully, just in the amount of exposure I’ve gotten, it could potentially help someone in the future. Regardless of what happens in the laws, it won’t be as exciting to talk about these laws for whoever faces the same challenges in the future.

MR: Being that a lot of your songs and recordings will be remembered for shaping music this past decade, I was wondering what your favourite song or album has been of the past 10 years?

GG: Oh, man! It’s so tough. A few people asked me these questions recently and I wish I had a list of every album I’ve purchased. Favourite song? Off the top of my head, Jay Z’s “H to the Izzo”. I loved when that came out and it was such a summer anthem. For my favourite album, I would have to go with Mariah Carey’s Emancipation of Mimi, which I think is heavily underappreciated by many people. I’m a big Mariah Carey fan and I feel personally that it fuelled the summer it came out and that I had a really good summer. I feel like that album was everywhere I went.

MR: I feel the same way about Feed the Animals during my past two summers.

GG: (Laughs) That’s cool!